Food, Water, Shelter, Clothes, And So On. These Are The

Food, water, shelter, clothes, and so on. These are the few necessities that an individual needs to survive. However, most of these things do not come for free. In many places, in order to obtain these items in exchange for currency. In contemporary society, one must give up their time and effort to obtain a wage that will aid them in procuring the necessary means of survival. Although, earning a wage in exchange for labour did not start off that way with my family. In fact, from generation to generation, the types of employment my family occupied has shifted in each generation as well as indicated the rise of several social changes. The roots of my family commences in the Philippines, specifically, in a northern region called†¦show more content†¦Interestingly, a manghihilot does not earn a daily wage nor charge their clients out of fear that they’re healing powers would be less potent (Stuart Jr., 2003). Instead, payment is done on a voluntary basis and differ from one person to another (Stuart Jr., 2003). For instance, some people choose to donate money while others offer things like food and cigarettes (Start Jr., 2003). Although this did not provide a stable means of obtaining subsistence, my grandfather also was a skilled fisherman. This allowed this part of my family to be able to put food on the table. Meanwhile, his wife, Faustina Torres was a housewife until 1950, when she passed away a few days after my father, Raymundo Torres, was born. My father immigrated to Canada in 1985. He worked for a company known as the Seafarer’s International Union. An organization that delivers carg oes in different parts of the world including, Europe, Asia, South America, and so forth. He worked for this organization until 1998, before being diagnosed with cancer and passing away in 1999, leaving a wife and two children behind. The death of my father lead my mom to work during the weekend as a housecleaner to provide extra income. Currently, I reside with my mother and my brother. My mother still works a full time job at Peerless Clothing Inc., and my brother is a recent Concordia University graduate, working for Royal Bank Canada as a customer service representative. As for me, I amShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay About Homeless1005 Words   |  5 Pageslost something? How about losing everything? Imagine you have everything you truly need, you have good food, water, clothes and happiness. Your joy is beyonf, lifes exactly where you would like it. Your truly happy. Suddenly, everything comes crashing down. Your income of money has depleted. Its gone. You lost your job. You arent able to sustain your family. Your source of water, food and clothes is at the last drop of usage. Your happiness is still there, flickering but dim. Then, you have to doRead MoreHomelessness Is All Over The Nation1565 Words   |   7 Pagesthem are the cold streets. No sane human being would ask to be left without shelter and sustenance, but what if by a tragic incident, one day all your belongings are gone and the only items left in your possession are the clothes you’re wearing. Where would one find a place to protect them from Mother Nature or find food to remain alive? If I were placed in this particular predicament, I’d choose to search for food and a shelter in Livermore, California, because on the outskirts of this town lies a richRead MoreShould Kids For Your Bug Out Bags?789 Words   |  4 PagesMust-Haves (1). Food. Bug out gear is designed to have survival items to last you for no less than 3 days. That means enough food for 72 hours. It should contain dried foods and not canned foods, they are lighter and much easier to carry. (2). Water. Nobody can survive without water for very long. You could never carry enough. (3). Water Purification. Because you can t carry all the water you ll need it s a good idea to have some way of purifying water you can find. Pack two methods of water purificationRead MoreEssay On Hospitality In The Odyssey920 Words   |  4 Pagesand hospitality the Greek give to their guest when people come over to their home. Hospitality plays a major role in Greek society. In American society, today hospitality is not a priority. The most we do is let guest in to sit and offer maybe food and water. In the Odyssey Homer shows in Greek culture that hospitality is very important several times in the text and should treat everyone as royalty. Odysseus crashes into a random island with strangers and like a good host they take care of him. NausicaaRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And Homelessness1562 Words   |  7 Pageseither depending on someone else or finding a shelter where you can have a nap. Waking up with the noises of the cars and other sounds, and getting something to eat whenever you feel hungry but that does not come easy as you need to have money or find food by the garbage and the least option would be begging for other humans that look alike. Not finding where to clean yourself and take a shower would make you dirty and filthy with rag and torn clothes. Now, the same person who appears to be same,Read MorePolice And Firefighters : An Evacuation Plan1299 Words   |  6 Pageslocations, and shelter the ones who no longer have a home or a safe place to live temporarily. Our first step is to evacuate the citizens before they are attacked by the infected, but we must first have an evacuation plan. An evacuation plan should be simple, you would want to keep everyone as calm as possible. According to blogs.cdc.gov, you should identify the possible emergencies in your area. In this case the emergency is the fact that the zombies are located in the north so our evacuation routeRead MoreA Case Of A Horrific Disaster1296 Words   |  6 Pageslocations, and shelter the ones who no longer have a home or a safe place to live temporarily. Our first step is to evacuate the citizens before they are attacked by the infected, but we must first have an evacuation plan. An evacuation plan should be simple, you would want to keep everyone as calm as possible. According to blogs.cdc.gov, you should identify the possible emergencies in your area. In this case the emergency is the fact that the zombies are located in the north so our evacuationRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs744 Words   |  3 PagesHierarchy of Needs, a list of necessary needs in order to live with healthy mental. The levels are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Physiological deals with survival needs which include food, shelter, and water. Safety is the need to be secure from danger, a shelter or safe environment. Love is the is need for affection and belongingness, friends and family. Esteem is the personal worth, success and achievements. Self-actualization is actualizing one’s potential and what youRead MoreI Feel Los t689 Words   |  3 Pagesdripping in blood from a luggage compartment smashing down on him from the engine failure, looks like an all red version of stepping out of the shower and not toweling your hair dry, and all that blood is blowing on to me. I get sick at the sight of blood so when earl’s fat face dripped it into my mouth and onto my face I puked violently causing my body to spasm and squeeze myself from between the wall and him. I was now blindly trying to find the exit when I am suddenly sucked out and the wind blows theRead MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1289 Words   |  6 Pageslife remaining on the earth, except the cannibals and some of the scavengers. The father and son continue their journey in search of food, shelter and clothing also. Their search of food and shelter is successful at times; however, they always keep searching for more and more clothes, as it was too cold for them to carry on their journey with a small collection of clothes and they even ne eded more and more blankets which could save them from the freezing cold (McCarthy). The author has shown how the

Prostitution Is The Oldest Human Records That Presents...

The history of prostitution is one that presents with many discrepancies, and despair. However, as Christians, we know the bible speaks of prostitution and even mentions the story of Rahab a prostitute who was guilty of sexual sin. Deuteronomy 23:17-18 states, â€Å"None of the daughters of Israel shall be a cult prostitute, and none of the sons of Israel shall be a cult prostitute. You shall not bring the fee of a prostitute or the wages of a dog into the house of the Lord your God in payment for any vow, for both of these are an abomination to the Lord your God (ESV). This is only one of many verses that speak of prostitution. This may in fact be the reason that prostitution is considered one of the â€Å"oldest profession† to date. The oldest human records that are known to reference acts of prostitution occur around 4000 B.C. (Clarkson, 1939). During this period, selling sex was described as evil and the possible downfall of the social order within civilization. However , prostitution continued to gain acceptance and popularity throughout the world. Brothels or better known as â€Å"whore houses† were built that housed and employed women known as the â€Å"common woman.† These women were expected to offer themselves (sex acts) to strangers and travelers in a form of being hospitable (Clarkson, 1939). Sadly, during times of slavery the women slaves were forced to sell themselves for profit of their master. In some civilizations, the Monarch was found to be the vendor of

Barry Hiness book Essay Example For Students

Barry Hiness book Essay Barry Hiness book `A Kestrel For A Knave is a powerful  adaptation that dramatizes the entire text in a clear and  exciting way, it also explores its themes motivations and  social settings. Barry Hines uses these `Themes to show  billys world and the people around him whether its at home  school or out in the open. The main theme that rotates  around Billy is education this is because Mr. Hines tries  to show the reader how important education is for them and  Billy. However education is not the only theme that takes  place we regularly see the theme of poverty ` Packet of  dried peas and a bottle of vinegar which was all that was  left in his cupboard. Sorrow is regularly used to try and  change things so the reader can empathize with Billys  situation and this tends to have a great affect on the  reader.  Barry hines appears to see education as crucial there are  many sections in the novel where billy is at scholl. We see  him lessons talking to teacher studying and evem in assembly. However  barry does not show education just as learning he shows it as a part  if life he does this by showing education has a vital impact on  personal development a way to make friends become independent kearn  talent gain confidence and aquire qualifications. He puts this all together to make people see education the opportunity to breakout of  poverty and have a choice at your ambitions  During the book we meet two characters that play a big role in Billys  life these two people are Mr. farthing and Mr. sugden. These two  characters are compared and have many similarities these similarities  are they are both in control, they both enjoy there subjects and both  have a similar style Barry Hines could through these characters be  showing the qualities needed for effective teaching and what education  is about. They are both effective in education and development to hard  work commitment, determination and perseverance  Although sugden and farthing have similarities they also have  differences these similarities are sugden exploits his authority and  control for himself while mr farthing uses it skillfully to bring out  the talents confidence and abilities of pupils however the system is  flawed because authority can be abused the wrong skills attitude can  be taught the pupils most needing a good education are the ones most  likely to be victimized are the ones that suffer the most in barry  hines novel it touches the heart of the novel. The pupils in lessons work similar and get involved in tasks the  pupils have the capacity interest desire to learn and be involved they  want to learn and use there skills  The book also uses something called irony and this is used with two  characters mr sugden a sports teacher and mr gryce a headteacher.and  so irony makes them memorable and there effects of teaching really sad  it also makes a negative effect for the reader but creates humor to  lighten the book. The irony in a kestrel for a knave is used to amuse  and stimulate the reader.

Pancho Villa Essays (1471 words) - Mexico, Mexican Revolution

Pancho Villa Pancho villa Doroteo Aranga learned to hate aristocratic Dons, who worked he and many other Mexicans like slaves, Doroteo Aranga also known as Pancho villa hated aristocratic because he made them work like animals all day long with little to eat. Even more so, he hated ignorance within the Mexican people that allowed such injustices. At the young age of fifteen, Aranga came home to find his mother trying to prevent the rape of his sister. Aranga shot the man and fled to the Sierra Madre for the next fifteen years, marking him as a fugitive for the first time. It was then that he changed his name from Doroteo Aranga to Francisco Pancho Villa, a man he greatly admired. Upon the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1911 against the Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz, Villa offered his services to the rebel leader Francisco I. Madero. During Madero's administration, he served under the Mexican general Victoriano Huerta, who sentenced him to death for insubordination. With his victories attracting attention in the United States, Villa escaped to the United States. President Woodrow Wilson's military advisor, General Scott, argued that the U.S. should support Pancho Villa, because he would become the George Washington of Mexico. In August of 1914, General Pershing met Villa for the first time in El Paso, Texas and was impressed with his cooperative composure; Pancho Villa then came to the conclusion that the U.S. would acknowledge him as Mexico's leader. Following the assassination of Madero and the assumption of power by Huerta in 1913, he returned to join the opposition under the revolutionary Venustiano Carranza. Using hit and run tactics, he gained control of northern Mexico, including Mexico City. As a result, his powerful fighting force became La Division Del Norte. The two men soon became enemies, however, and when Carranza seized power in 1914, Villa led the rebellion against him. By April of 1915, Villa had set out to destroy Carranzista forces in the Battle of Celaya. The battle was said to be fought with sheer hatred in mind rather than military strategy, resulting in amass loss of the Division del Norte. In October of 1915, after much worry about foreign investments, in the midst of struggles for power, the U.S. recognized Carranza as President of Mexico. When Pancho Villa learned of this he felt betrayed by President Wilson and assumed Carranza had signed a dangerous pact with the U.S., putting Mexico in United States' hands. As a result, this set the stage for a confrontation between the U.S. and Pancho Villa. Hence, the United States put an embargo on Villa, not allowing him to purchase guns, ammunition, equipment, etc., in American border towns. His transactions were, thus, made illegal, which automatically doubles his price. Considering his shortages, troops through harsh terrain to Aagua Prieta. Villa assumed it would be poorly protected and by captu ring it, he would create a buffer zone with the U.S. to transport arms in his campaigning efforts. Too his surprise, Agua Prieta was heavily protected, because Wilson had allowed Carranza to transport 5000 Mexican troops to American soil, which had arrived before Villa. The trains of soldiers forced Villa's tired horseback troops into retreat. The U.S. was delighted when Carranza declared Villa done for good. Consequently, Carranza invited old U.S. investors (from before the Revolution) to invest again. On March 9th 1916, Villa crossed the border with about 600 men and attacked Columbus, NM killing 17 American citizens and destroying part of the town. Because of the growing discrimination towards Latinos, the bodies of Mexicans were gathered and burned as a sanitary precaution against Mexican diseases. A punitive expedition, costing the U.S. about twenty-five million dollars, dispatched and about 150,000 troops to be mobilized in efforts to capture Pancho Villa, who was now known as a bandit in U.S. territory and a hero to many in Mexico. The Tenth Cavalry, which was made up of African-Americans and headed by Anglo-American officers, were labeled the Buffalo Soldiers because they were tough men who would punish the Mexicans. This was first time the United States used heavily armored vehicles and airplanes, which in turn served as a practice run before W.W.II. General John Joseph Blackjack Pershing had already earned

Research Paper on Queueing Theory Essay Example

Research Paper on Queueing Theory Essay Queueing theory is a mathematical theory related to the probability theory, which seek optimal solutions for managing queues or waiting lines. A queue is necessary and will be created if it is not expected in all cases where the supply is less than demand, even temporarily. It can be applied to different situations: planes taking off or landing management, customers waiting at the counters, or even computer programs storing prior to their processing. This field of research, originated in 1917, is based on the work of the Danish engineer Erlang on the telephone network management in Copenhagen between 1909 and 1920, including consideration of systems of arrival in a queue, the different priorities of each newcomer, and the statistical modeling of execution time. The theory was really developed thanks to contributions from mathematicians Khinchin, Palm, Kendall, Pollaczek, and Kolmogorov. The theory of homogeneous flow of events that formed the basis of queuing theory was invented by the Greeks after defeating Troy, but was developed by Soviet mathematician Khinchin. An employee of Copenhagen Telephone Company was the first who tried to develop a management system based on queuing theory in the period between 1908 and 1922. Agner Erlang, had to streamline the telephone exchange and to calculate in advance the quality of customer service, depending on the number of devices used. Queueing theory is the area of applied mathematics dealing with the analysis of processes in production systems, maintenance, management, in which homogeneous events are repeated many times. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Queueing Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Queueing Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Queueing Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The subject of the study of queuing theory are queuing system (QS). Under the queuing system is meant an object (a company, organization, etc.), whose activity is related to the implementation of multiple execution of homogeneous tasks and operations. The purpose of queueing theory is to develop recommendations for the rational construction of queuing systems, the organization of their work and the regulation of the flow of requests for the high efficiency operation. The tasks of queuing theory are optimization and eventually definition of the system, which will provide minimum total cost of waiting for service, loss of time, resources for the service and downtime of the service channels. The theory of queueing becomes increasingly important today and college students, who are about to write their research proposals on the subject, have to realize its significance and carefully analyze the origin and evolution of the theory. If you encounter any trouble with your work preparing, it can be helpful to look through the free sample research paper on queueing theory. You can easily find a lot of those free samples on the Web, which will help you understand the main rules of first-class research project composing. In addition, they will show you how to outline your thesis statement and drew a persuasive conclusion. Are you looking for a top-notch custom written research paper on Queueing Theory topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

buy custom International Law essay

buy custom International Law essay Day one The essay question reads: Explain and comment on the proposition that the doctrine of right of self-determination of peoples includes the legal entitlement to democratic governance. I spend time pondering and brainstorming on the question and thinking of how I am going to handle the essay question. The key words are: explain, comment, doctrine of right of self-determination, of peoples, and legal entitlement to democratic governance. I need to understand the meanings of those units in order to understand the question and then move forward to analyzing the phrases and tying them together to generate meaning. Understanding the Question To explain and comment means that I will do a research and get background information on the kinds of data so far developed on the subject and then comment, that is, give my point of view on the information available and also digress on the relevance and progress attained in the development. I will research on the kind of information that is relevant to the study in the school library and on the internet. The phrase doctrine of right of self-determination is a developed concept and not just a string of words so what I will be looking for is an already existing proposition that has been developed over the years. This is the nucleus of the essay because it is the central thematic concern in the essay but it does not stand alone. The second phrase is the words of peoples which means that a certain group of people is in question here. It is not just anybody or any group that can be entitled to the right of self-determination. There seems to be a criteria or standard that creates grounds for this doctrine of right of self-determination to take place. This will also be part of the research. The third phrase is the legal entitlement to democratic governance which is the subordinating and guiding clause to the main phrase above that is doctrine of right of self-determination. This phrase is important since it is the one that seems to specify the reach of the essay so that all information will be geared towards expounding on this topical issue. Ultimately, the question is concerned with the principle of democracy as a legitimate consideration in the right of self-determination. The issues surrounding democracy are a key highlight in the essay. Of importance will be the response of the international community on democratic governance around the world. After reflecting on this question I will review this part later in order to see if there is anything I am missing from the question. Day Two Upon reflecting on the gist of the work ahead today I decided to take one more look on the question and what it entails in order to develop a few guiding questions for the research on my essay. The Guiding questions I am going to use are: a) What are the sources of the doctrine of right of self-determination? b) What are the conditions for right of self-determination? c) How did the doctrine of self-determination develop? d) How did democracy come to be a critical part of right of self-determination in the course of the doctrines development? e) What are the current trends in the development of democracy in the right of self-determination? In using this guideline, I have developed an annotation of sources that will be critical in carrying out the task at hand. Below are the sources that I will use. Barnes Samuel H., (2001) The contribution of Democracy to Rebuilding Post-conflict Societies, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 95 p86-101 The article is a great source in addressing the key issues underlying conflict-laced countries that are still struggling with democracy in self-governance. It gives latent examples and structured procedures of intervention without infringing on a countrys right of self-determination. Brownlie Ian, (2008) Priniples of public international law. Oxford Printing Press, London. The book has given information on the question of conditions for self-determination, specifying that a state, which is entitled to self-determination, has certain constituent requirements that must be met for it to be considered a state. Burchill Richard, (2006). Democracy and international Law Aldershot: Ashgate. The book has elaborations of the interaction between democracy and international law and the extent to which democracy has helped shape International Law. Higgins Rosalyn, (1994) Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use it Clarendon, oxford. Chapter 7 Higgins in her book has provided and highlighted the challenges that international law experiences in mediating between warring nations and especially on issues of policy on non-interference and protection of basic human rights by international community. Fox Gregory H and Roth Brad R, (2000) Democratic Governance and International Law Cambridge University Press, Cambridge This book is a collection of viewpoints as put forward by several authors on international law. It is a great summary in reconciling thoughts on the different views on democracy as a key ingredient in the right of self-determination. Franck Thomas M, (1992) The emerging Right to Democratic Governance, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 86 46-91 Franck discusses the current trends in democratic governance and highlights the emerging legitimacy of democracy on the right of self-determination. The article analyses a chain of stakeholders who initiate a chain reaction from the voter to the top organs of law making to the intent that democracy has become that inviolable right in self-determination. Franck Thomas M, (1996) Clan and Superclan: Loyalty, Identity and community in law and practice, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 90 359-383. The article focuses on the key players in a democratic chart and then goes ahead to show the patterns within a state that eventually tie the political structure together. The article once again shows the roots of democracy from the bottom at the voter level. Marks Susan, (2000) The Riddle of All Constitutions: International Law, Democracy and the Critique of Ideology Oxford University Press, Oxford. The book shares the different kinds and levels on democracy that are seen territorially and how these affect the general norm of political trade in the international community. The book also shows the kinds of multilateral and bilateral agreements between the international community and the less democratic countries in order to help these countries push for democracy. Pavkovic Aleksandar and Radan Peter, (2003) In Pursuit of Sovereignty and Self-determination: Peoples, States and Secession in the International Order, Macquerie University Law Journal, 1. The Journal takes a critical look at the current trends on the international law development as well as highlights from history and how the law has assessed and dealt with issues of session as a practice in democracy. Smith Daniel (1997) Self-Determination in Tibet: The Politics of Remedies critique No. 2 Canonymous Press, vol. 2 This article has focused on the general discourse of self-determination and of particular interest is the case of Tibet and how their secession is taking shape. The article gives a good insight in the development of International law on a practical scale of application on Tibet case. In addition to the sources above, the United Nations General Assembly Resolutions (UNGA) on self-determination will be studied as well. These sources include UNGA 1514, 1541 and 2625. Western Sahara will be considered as a case study of countries under unresolved decolonization. Day Three I have started the research and today I was basically reading and highlighting key points on the various sources. I have been underlining and deducing points as I go on so that I will not strugglee when doing the final write up. Here are some of the points I have been gathering from the sources used: a) A community must occupy space and time for a continuous period of time, relatively permanent political institutions with roles that serve the community; and the communitys loyalty must shift from individuals to the values, norms of the society as an emerging state. (Smith, 1997) b) State as an entity with permanent population, government, territory with boundaries within which it can exercise her internal and external sovereignty (Brownlie, 2008) c) There is no legal right of secession where there is a representative Government. (Higgins, 1997) d) Democracy has become a global entitlement promoted and protected by collective international processes. (Franck, 1997) e) Only after the Cold War did international law dare to address the question of democracy; it had previously generally been considered to be a domestic issue and thus not subject to international scrutiny. The events of 19891991 led to the embrace of democracy in many countries. (Burchill, 2006) To this days end, the development of the research has been to establish grounds for self-determination and an inside look into the histories surrounding the development of the international law on these matters. At this point I am doing write ups that I will use for final compilation. Day Four The research has evolved to giving shape to the discussion and debates of the international response on the democracy of states. Here are some of the points I gathered today: f) Western countries, which have a much more mature democracy, still struggle with internal democratic arrangements. (Fox and Roth, 2000 p.545) g) Democracy in some other instances has been held as a condition that is part of a countrys territorial sovereignty.(Marks, 2000) h) The responsibility of the international community is to explore the possibility of power sharing in cases of insoluble or extreme conflicts. (Barnes, 2001) i) Subgroups seeking self-rule can only do so with the consent of the majority of the mother state in a referendum (Pavkovic Radan, 2003) j) The principle of uti possidetis juris mandated that the borders of former colonial entities became international borders of the state following decolonization. (Pavkovic Radan, 2003) The research today focused on the extent to which democracy is a key component in self-determination and how the international community has influenced the process of democracy in self-determination. Even for the international community, the challenge is to influence democracy without vetoing the process and thus threaten the sovereignties it is bound to preserve and protect. I have finally come up with the information I needed for the research and I have done a final write up minus the conclusion. Day Five On this day I have completed the essay by writing a conclusion which is basically a summary of the findings and the state of democracy in history, in practice and the current trends that have emerged in the development of self-determination. I also crosschecked to see if I have answered all the questions I set out to answer and I am satisfied that I have hit the target. Reflection a) In future, I will apply the process as it has been very helpful and it has really kept me on toes in order to work and fulfill all the time schedules I had in mind. b) I will need to improve on strictly following the time schedule I have set out and also reduce the distractions that sometimes made me over extend my research periods. c) I will need to develop a more flexible timetable so that I can factor in hours of compensation in case of emergencies d) I will spread the part of constant review to be incorporated as a daily practice and not merely as an appendage at the end of the research period since this was a tougher task to do at the end. Buy custom International Law essay

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Nursing research - Essay Example On the other hand, components of a research study involve  logical flow since one step leads to the other step as a researcher builds on the  previous  step to progress with research. In effect, careful planning of the study will ensure that the researcher addressed expected limitations effectively, which eliminates the possibility of unexpected variables affecting the direction of research. It is common knowledge that study designs are plans that indicate the process of collecting data, the research subjects, and the process of data analysis in order to answer the research questions. In line with this, researchers should select data collection instruments carefully and ensure that the instruments passed the reliability and validity tests in order to ensure that the results were beneficial to the nursing practice. In order to establish the validity and reliability of the instruments of research, it is important to carry out reliability and validity tests. During the tests, a reliable research instrument will produce the expected results from a research study while an unreliable tool will not produce the expected results. In effect, the instrument will not be valid, and a researcher should find other tools that will be reliable and